house; and if they can manage to get inside they raise up the dying sufferer
from the bed and let him fall again or even drag him out upon the floor. The
object of the witch in doing this is to prolong his term of years by adding to
his own life as much as he can take from that of the sick man. Thus it is that
a witch who is successful in these practices lives to be very old. Without
going into extended details, it may be sufficient to state that the one most
dreaded, alike by the friends of the sick man and by the lesser witches, is the
Kâ'lana-ayeli'skï or Raven Mocker, so called because he flies through the air
at night in a shape of fire, uttering sounds like the harsh croak of a raven.
The formula here given is short and simple as compared with some others.
There is evidently a mistake in regard to the Red Man, who is here placed in
the north, instead of in the east, as it should be. The reference to the arrows
will be explained further on. Purple, mentioned in the second paragraph, has
nearly the same symbolic meaning as blue, viz: Trouble, vexation and defeat;
hence the Purple Man is called upon to frustrate the designs of the witch.
To drive away the witch the shaman first prepares four sharpened sticks,
which he drives down into the ground outside the house at each of the four
corners, leaving the pointed ends projecting upward and outward. Then, about
noontime he gets ready the Tsâl-agayû'nlï or "Old Tobacco"
(Nicotiana rustica), with which he fills his pipe, repeating this
formula during the operation, after which he wraps the pipe thus filled in a
black cloth. This sacred tobacco is smoked only for this purpose. He then goes
out into the forest, and returns just before dark, about which time the witch
may be expected to put in an appearance. Lighting his pipe, he goes slowly
around the house, puffing the smoke in the direction of every trail by which
the witch might be. able to approach, and probably repeating the same or
another formula the while. He then goes into the house and awaits results. When
the witch approaches under cover of the darkness, whether in his own proper
shape or in the form of some animal, the sharpened stick on that side of the
house shoots up into the air and comes down like an arrow upon his head,
inflicting such a wound as proves fatal within seven days. This explains the words
of the formula, "We have prepared your arrows for the soul of the
Imprecator. He has them lying along the path". A`yû'ninï said
nothing about the use of the sharpened sticks in this connection, mentioning
only the tobacco, but the ceremony, as here described, is the one ordinarily
used. When wounded the witch utters a groan which is heard by those listening
inside the house, even at the distance of half a mile. No one knows certainly
{p. 386}
who the witch is until a day or two afterward, when some old man or woman,
perhaps in a remote settlement, is suddenly seized with a mysterious illness
and before seven clays elapse is dead.
GAHU'STÏ A'GIYAHU'SA.