even to the one for whose benefit the formula is repeated. Such being the
case, it is in order to explain how the formulas collected were obtained.
HOW THE FORMULAS WERE OBTAINED.
On first visiting the reservation in the summer of 1887, I devoted
considerable time to collecting plants used by the Cherokees for food or
medicinal purposes, learning at the same time their Indian names and the
particular uses to which each was applied and the mode of preparation. It soon
became evident that the application of the medicine was not the whole, and in
fact was rather the subordinate, part of the treatment, which was always
accompanied by certain ceremonies and "words." From the workers
employed at the time no definite idea could be obtained as to the character of
these words. One young woman, indeed, who had some knowledge of the subject,
volunteered to write the words which she used in her prescriptions, but failed
to do so, owing chiefly to the opposition of the half-breed shamans, from whom
she had obtained her information.
THE SWIMMER MANUSCRIPT.
Some time afterward an acquaintance was formed with a man named A`yûn'inï
or "Swimmer," who proved to be so intelligent that I spent several
days with him, procuring information in regard to myths and old customs. He
told a number of stories in very good style, and finally related the Origin of
the Bear[1]. The bears were formerly a part of the Cherokee tribe who decided
to leave their kindred and go into the forest. Their friends followed them and
endeavored to induce them to return, but the Ani-Tsâ'kahï, as they were called,
were determined to go. Just before parting from their relatives at the edge of
the forest, they turned to them and said, "It is better for you that we
should go; but we will teach you songs, and some day when you are in want of
food come out to the woods and sing these songs and we shall appear and give
you meat." Their
[1. To appear later with the collection of
Cherokee myths.]
{p. 311}
friends, after warning several songs from them, started back to their homes,
and after proceeding a short distance, turned around to take one last look, but
saw only a number of bears disappearing in the depths of the forest. The songs
which they learned are still sung by the hunter to attract the bears.
When Swimmer had finished the story he was asked if he knew these songs. He
replied that he did, but on being requested to sing one he made some excuse and
was silent. After some further efforts the interpreter said it would be useless
to press the matter then as there were several other Indians present, but that
to-morrow we should have him alone with us and could then make another attempt.