{p. 342}
down from the treetops to carry the remnant to the uplands and there scatter
it so that it shall never reappear. The hunter prays to the fire, from which he
draws his omens; to the reed, from which he makes his arrows; to Tsu'l`kalū,
the great lord of the game, and finally addresses in songs the very animals
which he intends to kill. The lover prays to the Spider to hold fast the
affections of his beloved one in the meshes of his web, or to the Moon, which
looks down upon him in the dance. The warrior prays to the Red War-club, and
the man about to set out on a dangerous expedition prays to the Cloud to
envelop him and conceal him from his enemies.
Each spirit of good or evil has its distinct and appropriate place of
residence. The Rabbit is declared to live in the broomsage on the hillside, the
Fish dwells in a bend of the river under the pendant hemlock branches, the
Terrapin lives in the great pond in the West, and the Whirlwind abides in the
leafy treetops. Each disease animal, when driven away from his prey by some
more powerful animal, endeavors to find shelter in his accustomed haunt. It
must be stated here that the animals of the formulas are not the ordinary,
everyday animals, but their great progenitors, who live in the upper world
(galū'nlati) above the arch of the firmament.
COLOR SYMBOLISM.
Color symbolism plays an important part in the shamanistic system of the
Cherokees, no less than in that of other tribes. Each one of the cardinal
points has its corresponding color and each color its symbolic meaning, so that
each spirit invoked corresponds in color and local habitation with the
characteristics imputed to him, and is connected with other spirits of the same
name, but of other colors, living in other parts of the upper world and
differing widely in their characteristics. Thus the Red Man, living in the
east, is the spirit of power, triumph, and success, but the Black Man, in the
West, is the spirit of death. The shaman therefore invokes the Red Man to the
assistance of his client and consigns his enemy to the fatal influences of the
Black Man.
The symbolic color system of the Cherokees, which will be explained more
fully in connection with the formulas, is as follows:
|
East
|
red
|
success; triumph.
|
|
North
|
blue
|
defeat; trouble.
|
|
West
|
black
|
death.
|
|
South
|
white
|
peace; happiness.
|
|
Above?
|
brown
|
unascertained, but propitious.
|
|
---------
|
yellow
|
about the same as blue.
|