hence the word is used in the Bible translation as synonymous with God. In
ordinary conversation and in the lesser myths the sun is called
{p. 341}
Nû'ntâ. The sun is invoked chiefly by the ball-player, while the
hunter prays to the fire; but every important ceremony--whether connected with
medicine, love, hunting, or the ball play--contains a prayer to the "Long
Person," the formulistic name for water, or, more strictly speaking, for
the river. The wind, the storm, the cloud, and the frost are also invoked in
different formulas.
But few inanimate gods are included in the category, the principal being the
Stone, to which the shaman prays while endeavoring to find a lost article by
means of a swinging pebble suspended by a string; the Flint, invoked when the
shaman is about to scarify the patient with a flint arrow-head before rubbing
on the medicine; and the Mountain, which is addressed in one or two of the
formulas thus far translated. Plant gods do not appear prominently, the chief
one seeming to be the ginseng, addressed in the formulas as the "Great
Man" or "Little Man," although its proper Cherokee name
signifies the "Mountain Climber."
A number of personal deities are also invoked, the principal being the Red
Man. He is one of the greatest of the gods, being repeatedly called upon in
formulas of all kinds, and is hardly subordinate to the Fire, the Water, or the
Sun. His identity is as yet uncertain, but he seems to be intimately connected
with the Thunder family. In a curious marginal note in one of the Gahuni
formulas (page 350), it is stated that when the patient is a woman the doctor
must pray to the Red Man, but when treating a man he must pray to the Red
Woman, so that this personage seems to have dual sex characteristics. Another
god invoked in the hunting songs is Tsu'l`kalû', or "Slanting Eyes"
(see Cherokee Myths), a giant hunter who lives in one of the great mountains of
the Blue Ridge and owns all the game. Others are the Little Men, probably the
two Thunder boys; the Little People, the fairies who live in the rock cliffs;
and even the De'tsata, a diminutive sprite who holds the place of our Puck. One
unwritten formula, which could not be obtained correctly by dictation, was
addressed to the "Red-Headed Woman, whose hair hangs down to the
ground."
The personage invoked is always selected in accordance with the theory of
the formula and the duty to be performed. Thus, when a sickness is caused by a
fish, the Fish-hawk, the Heron, or some other fish-eating bird is implored to
come and seize the intruder and destroy it, so that the patient may find
relief. When the trouble is caused by a worm or an insect, some insectivorous
bird is called in for the same purpose. When a flock of redbirds is pecking at
the vitals of the sick man the Sparrow-hawk is brought down to scatter them,
and when the rabbit, the great mischief-maker, is the evil genius, he is driven
out by the Rabbit-hawk. Sometimes after the intruder has been thus expelled
"a small portion still remains," in the words of the formula, and
accordingly the Whirlwind is called