admit that so much of their practice is correct, however false the reasoning
by which they have arrived at this result.
MEDICAL PRACTICE.
Taking the Dispensatory as the standard, and assuming that this list is a
fair epitome of what the Cherokees know concerning the medical properties of
plants, we find that five plants, or 25 per cent of the whole number, are
correctly used; twelve, or 60 per cent, are presumably either worthless or
incorrectly used, and three plants, or 15 per cent, are so used that it is
difficult to say whether they are
{p. 329}
of any benefit or not. Granting that two of these three produce good results
as used by the Indians, we should have 35 per cent, or about one-third of the
whole, as the proportion actually possessing medical virtues, while the
remaining two-thirds are inert, if not positively injurious. It is not probable
that a larger number of examples would change the proportion to any appreciable
extent. A number of herbs used in connection with these principal plants may
probably be set down as worthless, inasmuch as they are not named in the
Dispensatory.
The results here arrived at will doubtless be a surprise to those persons
who hold that an Indian must necessarily be a good doctor, and that the
medicine man or conjurer, with his theories of ghosts, witches, and revengeful
animals, knows more about the properties of plants and the cure of disease than
does the trained botanist or physician who has devoted a lifetime of study to
the patient investigation of his specialty, with all the accumulated
information contained in the works of his predecessors to build upon, and with
all the light thrown upon his pathway by the discoveries of modern science. It
is absurd to suppose that the savage, a child in intellect, has reached a
higher development in any branch of science than has been attained by the
civilized man, the product of long ages of intellectual growth. It would be as
unreasonable to suppose that the Indian could be entirely ignorant of the
medicinal properties of plants, living as he did in the open air in close
communion with nature; but neither in accuracy nor extent can his knowledge be
compared for a moment with that of the trained student working upon scientific
principles.
Cherokee medicine is an empiric development of the fetich
idea. For a disease caused by the rabbit the antidote must be a plant called
"rabbit's food," "rabbit's ear," or "rabbit's
tail;" for snake dreams the plant used is "snake's tooth;" for
worms a plant resembling a worm in appearance, and for inflamed eyes a flower
having the appearance and name of "deer's eye." A yellow root must be
good when the patient vomits yellow bile, and a black one when dark circles
come about his eyes, and in each case the disease and the plant alike are named
from the color. A decoction of burs must be a cure for forgetfulness, for there
is nothing else that will stick like a bur; and a decoction of the wiry roots
of the "devil's shoestrings" must be an efficacious wash to toughen
the